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Vermilacinia howei
''Vermilacinia howei'' is a fruticose lichen that grows on trees and shrubs in the fog regions along the Pacific Coast of North America in the coastal scrub region of the Channel Islands of California, and around Bahía de San Quintín, Baja California and further south in the Vizcaíno Desert.〔Spjut, R. W. 1996. ''Niebla'' and ''Vermilacinia'' (Ramalinaceae) from California and Baja California. Sida〕 The epithet is in honor of Reginald Heber Howe, Jr. for his contributions to lichenology, especially acknowledged for providing images of the type (biology) specimens in his revision of the genus Ramalina.〔
==Distinguishing Features==
''Vermilacinia howei'' is classified in the subgenus ''Cylindricaria'' in which it is distinguished from related species by the thallus divided into tubular slightly inflated branches. The species is also one of two in the genus—within North America—that lacks the diterpene, a diagnostic character trait that easily separates the species from most others in the genus. The triterpene zeorin, which is also common in the genus, is usually present in trace amounts, while other lichen substances are not evident from thin-layer chromatography (plates). Mature apothecia are usually present, in contrast to rarely being fully developed in ''V. cerebra''.〔
''Vermilacinia howei'' is similar to ''V. leopardina'' in possessing black bands, or large irregularly shaped black spots, on the branches, and in addition to differing by the absence of (-)-16-hydroxykaurane, it further differs by the relatively smaller thallus, the branches not more than 3 cm long. The type (biology) has short cylindrical branches that appear to have been inflated such as might occur by taking in moisture from fog and then deflated upon drying out. Another distinction is its dark green cortex and relatively large tea-cup shaped apothecia in proportion to the size of the branches. However, other thalli of the species are recognized to have uniformly slender branches that occasionally differ in containing zeorin in higher concentrations, but they still lack the diterpene (-)-16-hydroxykaurane.〔
''Vermilacinia howei'' occurs most frequently on the Vizcaíno Peninsula between Punta Eugenia and Bahía Tortugas, generally further inland from the ocean than ''V. nylanderi''. These two species have a reverse morphology and chemistry relationship to that of ''V. leopardina'' and ''V. corrugata''. This may have been the result of past geologic isolation of the Vizcaíno Peninsula from main peninsula.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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